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Cardiovascular research in 2025 has further refined antithrombotic management in acute coronary syndromes (ACS), atrial fibrillation (AF), and prosthetic valve disease, with a strong emphasis on individualized risk assessment and bleeding reduction. In ACS, the TARGET-FIRST trial showed that stopping aspirin after one month of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) and continuing potent P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy…
The prevalence of obesity has risen to alarming levels worldwide, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to classify it as a major public health concern. Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher. Since 1975, its global prevalence has nearly tripled, affecting individuals across all age groups, socioeconomic backgrounds,…
Prescription drug misuse represents a significant public health concern. Understanding the sources from which misused prescription drugs are obtained—and how these sources vary by type of user—is essential for developing effective prevention and intervention strategies. Prescription drug misuse is the second most common form of illicit drug use after marijuana. This makes it a significant…
What is cholesterol? Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that the body needs. It’s a structural component of every cell membrane. About 80% of cholesterol is made in the liver; only ~20% typically comes from diet. Types of cholesterol Why cholesterol gets blamed for heart disease? The Cholesterol Myth Robert DuBroff, a cardiologist at the…
What are ‘nightmare bacteria’ and why are infections rising in the US? Nightmare bacteria” is a nickname the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) gave to a group of highly drug-resistant bacteria that are very difficult—or sometimes impossible—to treat with standard antibiotics. The most well-known examples are Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), but the term…
Vitamin B is a group of eight water-soluble vitamins. Since the body does not store them in significant amounts, they must be replenished daily through diet. Good sources include animal proteins, dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and legumes. Their functions can broadly be divided into: Vitamins B act as essential cofactors in numerous cellular pathways,…
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease, as much as 50 per cent of the population has evidence of osteoarthritis detected at the age of 65. In patients with osteoarthritis, symptoms like joint swelling and prolonged morning stiffness were observed. These problems of joint pain are commonly treated by drugs like NSAIDs (Ibuprofen). Abstract: The…
Most patients fail to inform their health care providers of their supplements use, and physicians rarely inquire. Annually, thousands of dietary supplements may cause side effects that are reported to Poison Control Centers nationwide. 46% percent of supplements users consider these products to be safe and effective. Unfortunately, most patients likely do not understand the …
Fosfomycin trometamol offers a safe and effective single-dose treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, targeting E. coli and other pathogens with low resistance and minimal side effects. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in adult women. It has been estimated that as many as 20±30% of adult women have one or more attacks of…
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is the 7th major cause of death in Australia. 1 out 7 people over the age of 25 have at least one marker of CKD. Many people are unaware that they have kidney damage and the risk is on rise. Signs and Symptoms of Kidney Dysfunction Many people are therefore completely…